Caliph uthman biography of albert
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The Caravanserai
I was listening to an episode of the History of Byzantium podcast (specifically Episode 57 – Why did the Arabs win? Part 2: In the Shadow of the Sword) and there was an interesting discussion about the early biographical narratives of Islamic history. Tom Holland, as many of us probably know, is a rather controversial figure. He isn’t a scholar, his works are mainly in the realm of pop-history, and many of his claims do veer into territories of Orientalism and just bad history. However, I think there is some merit to questioning the authenticity of certain biographical depictions of early Islamic history.
In fact, both academics and religious scholars have commented on the questionable authenticity of sira, or rather, biographies of the Prophet Muhammad. For instance, Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens of the Program on Extremism at George Washington University argued that “sira is regarded as generally less reliable and cannot be used as the main source upon whi
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Uthman Ibn Affan
Uthman Ibn Affanرضي الله عنه , the third Caliph of Islam, ruled for twelve years, the longest among the rightly guided caliphs. During his rule, people became economically more prosperous, and he further undertook such activities and projects which also improved the overall quality of life. He was a peace loving, frikostig and kind-hearted ruler. Uthman Ibn Affanرضي الله عنه , had all the qualities of an excellent Muslim but his generosity and modesty are two characteristics that really stood out. He was the richest individ among the Quraysh, but he spent most of his wealth on the well-being of his people and in the cause of Islam. In particular, he helped orphans and the widows. In spite of being rich and powerful, he was extremely humble and lived a simple life. Uthman Ibn Affanرضي الله عنه , was very religious and a man of principles and whatever might be the circumstances, he never compromised with his beliefs and principles. Thrice he received the glad tidings o
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Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Umayyad caliph from 685 to 705
For the Umayyad governor of Egypt, see Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn Musa ibn Nusayr.
For the Umayyad prince and governor of Seville, see Abd al-Malik ibn Umar ibn Marwan.
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam (Arabic: عَبْد الْمَلِك ٱبْن مَرْوَان ٱبْن الْحَكَم, romanized: ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam; July/August 644 or June/July 647 – 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyadcaliph, ruling from April 685 until his death in October 705. A member of the first generation of born Muslims, his early life in Medina was occupied with pious pursuits. He held administrative and military posts under Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, and his own father, Caliph Marwan I (r. 684–685). By the time of Abd al-Malik's accession, Umayyad authority had collapsed across the Caliphate as a result of the Second Fitna and had been reconstituted in Syria and Egypt during his father's reign